{"id":2253,"date":"2020-01-07T14:22:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T12:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/racov.ro\/?p=2253"},"modified":"2020-03-30T11:01:11","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T08:01:11","slug":"reluarea-numarului-de-saptamani-in-sistemul-de-pozitionare-globala-gps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/racov.ro\/index.php\/2020\/01\/07\/reluarea-numarului-de-saptamani-in-sistemul-de-pozitionare-globala-gps\/","title":{"rendered":"Week Number Rollover in the Global Positioning System (GPS)"},"content":{"rendered":"

EN<\/strong><\/span>
\nOn April 6, 2019, one era of global positioning system ended and another began, an event that affected some old equipment or systems, which are based on GPS for time and location.<\/span><\/p>\n

When American GPS was first im<\/span>plemented<\/span>, the time and date function was defined as a 10-bit number (210 = 1024). Unlike the Gregorian calendar (currently used), which uses the date format year, month and day, GPS data is a “week number” or WN (week number). WN is transmitted as a 10-bit field and <\/span>reverts, or resets to zero, every 1024 weeks (19.7 years = 19 years, 7 months, 2 weeks).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The GPS week started on January 6, 1980 and from that moment the counter was incremented by one each week and transmitted as part of the GPS message. It returned to zero for the first time at midnight on August 21-22, 1999. The second reset took place on the night of April 6-7, 2019, when GPS week 2047, represented as 1023 in the counter, advanced and moved again to 0.<\/span><\/p>\n

The next rollover should take place on November 25, 2038, but efforts have been made to avoid this problem – or at least send it back \":mrgreen:\" – and the modernized GPS navigation message uses a field on 13 bits that are repeated every 8,192 weeks – 157 years (157 years, one month, one week \ud83d\ude0e ).<\/span>
\nThis phenomenon is specific only to the American GPS and affects only the interpretation of the date (day, month, year). The time continues to operate with unaltered accuracy.<\/span>
\nOther satellite navigation systems developed after GPS, such as Russian GLONASS, European Galileo or Chinese BeiDou, are not affected by this problem.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, tests of GPS devices have revealed that not all manufacturers implementations correctly address the WN resumption of April 6, 2019. In addition, some programs interpret the WN parameter as compared to a date other than the (initial) January 5, 1980. These devices should not be affected by the WN reset on April 6, 2019, but may have similar issues at a later date. If you own a newer commercial device with updated software, you’re probably fine.<\/span><\/p>\n

GPS is not only used for positioning, but also for precise time control. Extremely accurate time is required to precisely synchronize records, payment operations, mobile telephony, space and aviation activities and more.<\/span>
\nOne nanosecond time (10-9 seconds = 0.000000001 s) equals one foot (0.3048 m) distance at speed of light.<\/span>
\nDue to the reduced use of GPS and the relatively limited consumption at that time, during the 1999 rollover, the interruption was minor. Among the products known to have been affected by the 2019 reset, we include Honeywell’s flight management and navigation software, which has caused delays for a KLM flight and cancellations for numerous flights from China, as technicians have not managed to apply updates on time, the New York City Wireless Network (NYCWiN) that stopped, mobile phones that were sold in 2013 or earlier, weather balloons from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, weather beacons from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), many scientific tools and GPS navigation devices for consumers.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A ticket machine from Prague showing August 23 (instead of April 8) after the\u00a0 GPS weeks rollover in 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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A USB GPS clock receiver<\/a><\/span> for computer.
\n
\nAnd the GPS time message received and decoded with a simple leisure software.<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

RO<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nLa 6 aprilie 2019 s-a \u00eencheiat o epoc\u0103 a sistemului de pozi\u021bionare global\u0103 \u0219i a \u00eenceput alta, un eveniment care a afectat unele echipamente sau sisteme vechi, ce se bazeaz\u0103 pe GPS pentru timp \u0219i loca\u021bie.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd a fost implementat pentru prima dat\u0103 GPS american, func\u021bia de timp \u0219i dat\u0103 a fost definit\u0103 ca num\u0103r pe 10 bi\u021bi (210<\/sup>=1024). Spre deosebire de calendarul gregorian (utilizat \u00een prezent), care folose\u0219te formatul de dat\u0103 tip an, lun\u0103 \u0219i zi, data GPS este un \u201enum\u0103r de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103\u201d sau WN (week number). WN este transmis ca un c\u00e2mp de 10 bi\u021bi \u0219i se reia, sau se reseteaz\u0103 la zero, la fiecare 1024 de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni (19,7 ani = 19 ani, 7 luni, 2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, 5 zile, 22 ore, 6 minute \u0219i 40 de secunde \ud83d\ude0e ) .<\/span>
\nS\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na GPS a \u00eenceput pe 6 ianuarie 1980 \u0219i din acel moment contorul a fost majorat cu unu \u00een fiecare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i transmis ca parte a mesajului GPS. A revenit la zero pentru prima dat\u0103 la miezul nop\u021bii de 21-22 august 1999. Cel de-al doilea reset a avut loc \u00een noaptea de 6-7 aprilie 2019, c\u00e2nd s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na GPS 2047, reprezentat\u0103 ca 1023 \u00een contor, a avansat \u0219i a trecut iar la 0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Urm\u0103toarea reluare ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc pe 25 noiembrie 2038, dar s-au depus eforturi pentru a evita acest tip de problem\u0103 – sau cel pu\u021bin s\u0103 o trimit\u0103 mai la spate \":mrgreen:\" – \u0219i mesajul de navigare GPS modernizat utilizeaz\u0103 un c\u00e2mp pe 13 bi\u021bi care se repet\u0103 la fiecare 8.192 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni – 157 de ani (157 ani, o lun\u0103, o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, o zi, 13 ore, 26 minute \u0219i 40 secunde).<\/span>
\nAcest fenomen este specific doar GPS-ului american \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 numai interpretarea datei (zi, lun\u0103, an). Ora func\u021bioneaz\u0103\u00a0 \u00een continuare <\/strong>cu precizie nealterat\u0103<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span>
\nAlte sisteme de naviga\u021bie prin satelit dezvoltate dup\u0103 GPS, precum GLONASS rusesc, Galileo european sau BeiDou chinezesc, nu sunt afectate de aceast\u0103 problem\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, testele unor dispozitive GPS au relevat faptul c\u0103 nu toate implement\u0103rile produc\u0103torilor se ocup\u0103 corect de reluarea WN din 6 aprilie 2019. \u00cen plus, unele programe interpreteaz\u0103 parametrul WN \u00een compara\u021bie cu o alt\u0103 dat\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea (ini\u021bial\u0103) de 5 ianuarie 1980. Aceste dispozitive nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie afectate de resetul WN la 6 aprilie 2019, dar pot avea probleme similare la o dat\u0103 viitoare. Dac\u0103 de\u021bii un dispozitiv comercial mai nou cu software actualizat, cel mai probabil stai bine.<\/span><\/p>\n

GPS-ul nu este folosit doar pentru pozi\u021bionare, ci \u0219i pentru reglarea precis\u0103 a timpului. Precizia extrem\u0103 a timpului este necesar\u0103 pentru a sincroniza cu exactitate \u00eenregistr\u0103ri, opera\u021bii de plat\u0103, telefonie mobil\u0103, activit\u0103\u021bi spa\u021biale \u0219i de avia\u021bie \u0219i altele.<\/span>
\nO nanosecund\u0103 (10-9<\/sup> secunde = 0,000000001 s) echivaleaz\u0103 cu un picior (feet) = 0.3048 m.<\/strong><\/span>
\nDatorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii reduse a GPS-ului \u0219i a consumului relativ limitat la data respectiv\u0103, \u00een timpul resetului din 1999 \u00eentreruperea a fost minor\u0103. Printre produsele despre care se \u0219tie c\u0103 au fost afectate de revizuirea din 2019, num\u0103r\u0103m software-ul de gestionare a zborurilor \u0219i de naviga\u021bie de la Honeywell, care a provocat \u00eent\u00e2rzieri pentru un zbor KLM \u0219i anul\u0103ri pentru numeroase zboruri din China, deoarece tehnicienii nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 aplice la timp actualiz\u0103rile, re\u021beaua wireless a ora\u0219ului New York (NYCWiN) care s-a oprit, telefoanele mobile care au fost v\u00e2ndute \u00een 2013 sau mai devreme,\u00a0 baloane meteorologice ale Biroului Australian de Meteorologie, balize meteorologice ale Administra\u021biei Na\u021bionale Oceanice \u0219i Atmosferice (NOAA), multe instrumente \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i dispozitive de navigare GPS pentru consumatori.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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